A technique of reggae in which records are remixed to create new backing tracks for improvised vocal solos (‘toasting’). The remixing of records may include such techniques as the adding of sound delay or reverberation, and sound effects may also be incorporated. It was developed by record producers such as Lee Perry in Jamaica, and is particularly associated with British performers such as Dennis Bovell. In performance poetry, the term has been adopted for the ‘dub poets’, whose readings of poetry, often with an overtly political or racial commentary, are given over dub backing tracks. The most well-known of the dub poets are Linton Kwesi Johnson, who has also performed with Bovell, and Benjamin Zephaniah.